Coral health relies on a delicate balance of microbial life. New research shows how this balance shifts under stress and how it can affect coral survival.
Scientists studied the microbiome of the reef building coral Oculina patagonica. They analysed not only bacteria, but also fungi, protists and viruses. Together, these organisms form the coral holobiont.
The results show that fungi and bacteria play key roles in this system. Several microbial groups contribute to the production of antimicrobial compounds and help protect the coral host.
The study also examined how stress affects these communities. Researchers tested conditions such as heat, confinement and infection. Under stress, the microbial balance shifted. Potentially harmful bacteria increased, while beneficial microbes declined. At the same time, microbial diversity dropped and the production of antimicrobial compounds decreased.
These changes indicate a disruption of the coral holobiont. This imbalance may make corals more vulnerable to disease.
The findings highlight the importance of considering the full microbial community. Understanding these interactions is key to protecting coral reefs under changing environmental conditions.
Published by Ana-Belen Martin-Cuadrado and colleagues in 2024.
Read the full scientific publication here.